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Le Conseil National Syrien a-t-il perdu sa voix

Shane Farrell | nowlebanon.com - courrierinternational.com | vendredi 31 août jeudi 6 septembre 2012

jeudi 6 septembre 2012

- traduction courrierinternational.com en bas de page
Syrie : Des opposants sans légitimité
Shane Farrell | nowlebanon.com - courrierinternational.com | jeudi 6 septembre 2012


nowlebanon.com


Has the SNC lost its voice ?
Shane Farrell | nowlebanon.com | August 31, 2012

Former Syrian National Council (SNC) member Bassma Kodmani giving a speech during a press conference in Istanbul on June 17, 2012. She has since resigned. (AFP Photo)

The Syrian National Council suffered yet another blow on Tuesday with the resignation of the head of its Foreign Affairs Bureau, Bassma Kodmani.

The Paris-based academic, one of the few female members in the body, told Reuters on Wednesday that “the SNC was not up to facing the increasing challenges on the ground and was not up to the performance I would have liked it to be.” Kodmani also accused members of the organization of focusing on their own partisan and personal agendas to the detriment of the organization as a whole.

These criticisms are nothing new. A number of other members, including Haithem al-Maleh and Kamal al-Labwani, who resigned in February, leveled similar charges at the organization. The SNC has also been criticized for having a strong Muslim Brotherhood leaning and for being out of touch with anti-regime demonstrators and rebels on the ground inside Syria.

Some commentators, such as SyriaComment author and Oklahoma University Professor Joshua Landis, believe that this is further proof of the body’s irrelevancy. “No one cares about the SNC anymore,” he told NOW Lebanon by phone, noting that while French President Francois Hollande said earlier this week Paris would give official recognition to a Syrian provisional government, which would likely include the SNC, no other leading European capital has followed suit. Landis believes the main problem is a point Kodmani expressed “between the lines” following her resignation : “No one believes that the SNC has any support on the ground.”

A survey of Syrian refugees who arrived in Lebanon during the conflict, carried out by the International Republican Institute, would appear to reflect this. The SNC ranked only sixth when respondents were asked to name the top opposition groups they were most familiar with. The overwhelming majority of respondents came from the Homs Governorate and were interviewed between May and June, 2012.

Lebanon-based Syrian activist Maher Esber is even more disparaging of the SNC. When asked about the importance of Kodmani’s resignation, he replied, “Of course it’s a blow, but after all this time [the SNC] has nothing left. It has already lost everything.”

He believes part of the reason for Kodmani’s resignation was her being sidelined within the council. Under former leader Burhan Ghalioun, Kodmani was appointed the council’s spokesperson and a member of its Executive Committee. But following Ghalioun’s replacement by the SNC’s current leader, Abdelbaset Sayda, in June, Kodmani’s role in the SNC was greatly reduced, Esber said. “Lately, she has been under a lot of attacks and so that is why she left,” he added. Kodmani could not be reached for comment on the particular circumstances of her resignation.
 
In her interview with Reuters, however, she said she believes the SNC had served its purpose. She said she believes a new political body with other opposition groups and the Free Syrian Army, a loose umbrella term encompassing the majority of rebel military units, should be created. "I think the FSA is willing to be under the control of a political authority, and my view is that we did not do enough to make this happen,” Kodmani told Reuters.

But according to associate fellow at UK-based think-tank Chatham House, Nadim Shehadi, Western nations should also shoulder some of the blame for the failings of the SNC. He feels that the West let the SNC down by not conferring it with legitimacy and not providing it with suitable logistical support.

In a phone call with NOW Lebanon, Shehadi stressed that after over 40 years without political representation, it is understandable that Syrian opposition groups remain divided. He feels the West adopted double standards by recognizing Libya’s National Transitional Council as the sole representative of the country’s people, but for not doing the same for the SNC because it simply has no appetite to intervene in Syria—and a divided opposition is one extra reason to justify inaction.

For the SNC, the biggest challenge since its inception has been securing legitimacy, both domestically and internationally. With the resignation of Kodmani, securing this legitimacy will prove more elusive than ever.

Assem Bazzi and Luna Safwan contributed reporting.


courrierinternational.com


Syrie : Des opposants sans légitimité
Shane Farrell | nowlebanon.com - courrierinternational.com | jeudi 6 septembre 2012

La démission de l’intellectuelle Bassma Kodmani du Conseil national syrien a mis en évidence les nombreuses divisions qui déchirent l’opposition au régime de Bachar El-Assad. Une analyse du site Now Lebanon.


Le Conseil national syrien [CNS, l’organe de l’opposition] a enregistré un nouveau revers, mardi 28 août, avec la démission de sa responsable des relations extérieures, Bassma Kodmani. “Le CNS n’était pas capable de faire face aux défis grandissants sur le terrain et n’était pas, dans ses actions, à la hauteur de ce que j’attendais,” a déclaré le lendemain à Reuters cette universitaire installée à Paris, l’une des rares femmes membres du CNS. Bassma Kodmani a par ailleurs accusé certains membres de l’organisation de privilégier leurs propres intérêts personnels et partisans à ceux du CNS dans son ensemble.

Des critiques qui n’ont rien d’inédit : plusieurs autres membres du CNS, dont Haitham al-Maleh et Kamal al-Labwani, démissionnaires en février, avaient porté des accusations semblables. Le Conseil national syrien est aussi montré du doigt pour sa proximité avec les Frères musulmans et pour son manque de liens avec les manifestants anti-Assad et les rebelles présents sur le terrain en Syrie.

Certains observateurs, tel Joshua Landis, professeur à l’université de l’Oklahoma, voient dans cette démission une preuve supplémentaire de l’inutilité du CNS. "Plus personne ne fait attention au CNS : si le président français, François Hollande, a déclaré que Paris reconnaîtrait officiellement un gouvernement provisoire syrien, qui inclurait probablement le CNS, aucun autre chef d’Etat ne lui a emboîté le pas", insiste-t-il. Pour Joshua Landis, le problème principal est à lire “entre les lignes” dans les propos tenus par Bassma Kodmani : “Personne ne pense que le CNS bénéficie d’un quelconque soutien sur le terrain.”

"Le CNS n’est plus rien"

Une enquête menée auprès de Syriens réfugiés au Liban durant le conflit semble confirmer les propos de Joshua Landis. Dans la liste des groupes d’opposition les plus connus des personnes interrogées, le CNS n’arrive qu’en sixième place. La majorité des sondés, interrogés entre mai et juin 2012, venait du gouvernorat de Homs [nord-ouest de la Syrie].

Le militant syrien Maher Esber, installé au Liban, se montre plus dur encore à l’égard du CNS. Réagissant à la démission de Bassma Kodmani, il déclare : “Evidemment, c’est un revers, mais cela fait quelque temps déjà que le CNS n’est plus rien. Il a déjà tout perdu.”

Pour Maher Esber, Bassma Kodmani a démissionné parce qu’elle se sentait mise à l’écart au sein du CNS. C’est sous la direction de Burhan Ghalioun [premier président du CNS] qu’elle avait été nommée porte-parole du Conseil et membre du Comité exécutif. Mais depuis l’arrivée à la tête du CNS d’Abdelbaset Sayda, qui a succédé à Ghalioun en juin, l’universitaire a vu son rôle considérablement réduit, assure Maher Esber : “Elle a été la cible de nombreuses attaques ces derniers temps, d’où sa démission.”

Nous n’avons pas réussi à joindre Bassma Kodmani pour lui demander de s’expliquer sur les circonstances de sa démission. Dans son entretien à Reuters, elle affirme que le CNS a fait son temps. Pour elle, un nouvel organe politique doit voir le jour, intégrant d’autres groupes d’opposition ainsi que l’Armée syrienne libre (ASL), appellation vague désignant l’ensemble des unités militaires rebelles. “Je suis convaincue que l’ASL est prête à passer sous l’autorité d’un organe politique, et je pense que nous n’en avons pas assez fait en ce sens”, a expliqué Bassma Kodmani à l’agence de presse.

Le faible soutien des Occidentaux

Cependant, pour Nadim Shehadi, chercheur auprès du groupe de réflexion britannique Chatham House, les pays occidentaux doivent assumer leur part de responsabilité dans les échecs du CNS : les Occidentaux ont manqué à leurs devoirs envers le CNS en ne lui accordant pas la légitimité nécessaire et en lui refusant le soutien logistique approprié, estime-t-il.

Interrogé par téléphone, Nadim Shehadi souligne qu’il est compréhensible que les groupes d’opposition syriens, privés de représentation politique depuis quarante ans, soient encore divisés. Les Occidentaux ont fait deux poids deux mesures, déplore-t-il, en reconnaissant le Conseil national de transition comme unique représentant du peuple libyen, et en refusant d’en faire autant avec le CNS, au seul motif qu’ils n’ont aucune envie d’intervenir en Syrie - et les divisions de l’opposition ne sont qu’un prétexte de plus à leur inaction.

Le plus grand défi du CNS, depuis qu’il a été créé, est de conquérir une légitimité, tant à l’intérieur de la Syrie que sur la scène internationale. La démission de Bassma Kodmani l’éloigne encore un peu plus de ce but.


nowlebanon.com


Has the SNC lost its voice ?
Shane Farrell | nowlebanon.com | August 31, 2012

Former Syrian National Council (SNC) member Bassma Kodmani giving a speech during a press conference in Istanbul on June 17, 2012. She has since resigned. (AFP Photo)

The Syrian National Council suffered yet another blow on Tuesday with the resignation of the head of its Foreign Affairs Bureau, Bassma Kodmani.

The Paris-based academic, one of the few female members in the body, told Reuters on Wednesday that “the SNC was not up to facing the increasing challenges on the ground and was not up to the performance I would have liked it to be.” Kodmani also accused members of the organization of focusing on their own partisan and personal agendas to the detriment of the organization as a whole.

These criticisms are nothing new. A number of other members, including Haithem al-Maleh and Kamal al-Labwani, who resigned in February, leveled similar charges at the organization. The SNC has also been criticized for having a strong Muslim Brotherhood leaning and for being out of touch with anti-regime demonstrators and rebels on the ground inside Syria.

Some commentators, such as SyriaComment author and Oklahoma University Professor Joshua Landis, believe that this is further proof of the body’s irrelevancy. “No one cares about the SNC anymore,” he told NOW Lebanon by phone, noting that while French President Francois Hollande said earlier this week Paris would give official recognition to a Syrian provisional government, which would likely include the SNC, no other leading European capital has followed suit. Landis believes the main problem is a point Kodmani expressed “between the lines” following her resignation : “No one believes that the SNC has any support on the ground.”

A survey of Syrian refugees who arrived in Lebanon during the conflict, carried out by the International Republican Institute, would appear to reflect this. The SNC ranked only sixth when respondents were asked to name the top opposition groups they were most familiar with. The overwhelming majority of respondents came from the Homs Governorate and were interviewed between May and June, 2012.

Lebanon-based Syrian activist Maher Esber is even more disparaging of the SNC. When asked about the importance of Kodmani’s resignation, he replied, “Of course it’s a blow, but after all this time [the SNC] has nothing left. It has already lost everything.”

He believes part of the reason for Kodmani’s resignation was her being sidelined within the council. Under former leader Burhan Ghalioun, Kodmani was appointed the council’s spokesperson and a member of its Executive Committee. But following Ghalioun’s replacement by the SNC’s current leader, Abdelbaset Sayda, in June, Kodmani’s role in the SNC was greatly reduced, Esber said. “Lately, she has been under a lot of attacks and so that is why she left,” he added. Kodmani could not be reached for comment on the particular circumstances of her resignation.
 
In her interview with Reuters, however, she said she believes the SNC had served its purpose. She said she believes a new political body with other opposition groups and the Free Syrian Army, a loose umbrella term encompassing the majority of rebel military units, should be created. "I think the FSA is willing to be under the control of a political authority, and my view is that we did not do enough to make this happen,” Kodmani told Reuters.

But according to associate fellow at UK-based think-tank Chatham House, Nadim Shehadi, Western nations should also shoulder some of the blame for the failings of the SNC. He feels that the West let the SNC down by not conferring it with legitimacy and not providing it with suitable logistical support.

In a phone call with NOW Lebanon, Shehadi stressed that after over 40 years without political representation, it is understandable that Syrian opposition groups remain divided. He feels the West adopted double standards by recognizing Libya’s National Transitional Council as the sole representative of the country’s people, but for not doing the same for the SNC because it simply has no appetite to intervene in Syria—and a divided opposition is one extra reason to justify inaction.

For the SNC, the biggest challenge since its inception has been securing legitimacy, both domestically and internationally. With the resignation of Kodmani, securing this legitimacy will prove more elusive than ever.

Assem Bazzi and Luna Safwan contributed reporting.




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